Attachment C <br />Pedestrian safety: a road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners <br />Attachm. eiat B <br />the equivalent of two narrower one-way streets instead of one wide two-way street. <br />Landscaping can be used on medians but should be chosen carefully to ensure <br />adequate sight distance between motorists and pedestrians, including children, <br />wheelchair users, and others with reduced sight distance. Design of raised medians <br />must also consider vehicle turning movements carefully so that motorists do not <br />travel on inappropriate routes, such as residential streets, or make unsafe u-turns. <br />Raised median designs must also accommodate pedestrians with visual impairments <br />through use of tactile cues at the border between the pedestrian refuge area and the <br />motorized vehicle roadway and for pedestrians in wheelchairs through the use of <br />kerb ramps or cut-throughs. <br />Raised intersections <br />Raised intersections are intended to slow all vehicular movements through an <br />intersection. They are built by raising the entire intersection to the level of the <br />sidewalk. The crossings on each approach may also be elevated, so that pedestrians <br />cross at the same level as the sidewalk, without the need for kerb ramps. Raised <br />crossings can be an urban design element through the use of special paving materials. <br />Detectable warning strips mark the boundary between the sidewalk and the street <br />for pedestrians with vision impairments. <br />Serpentine street <br />A serpentine street uses a winding pattern with built-in visual enhancements. These <br />allow vehicles to move through slowly and prevent fast driving. Landscaping can be <br />used to enhance visual appeal and create a park-like atmosphere. Serpentine street <br />design needs to be coordinated with driveway access and parking needs. Serpentine <br />streets offer many advantages, but are more costly than other equally effective traffic <br />calming strategies. <br />Speed humps and speed tables <br />A speed hump is a rounded raised area placed across the roadway. Speed humps are <br />generally negotiated easily on bicycles and should be built through any bicycle lanes <br />present on the roadway so that motorists do not swerve into the bicycle lane to avoid <br />the hump. Flat-top speed humps are also referred to as speed tables. <br />Woonerf <br />Woonerf is a Dutch word that translates as `living street'. Typically used on <br />residential streets, a woonerf is a space shared by pedestrians, bicyclists, and low- <br />speed motor vehicles. It is usually constructed with a narrow width and without <br />kerbs or sidewalks. Vehicles are slowed by placing trees, parking areas and other <br />obstacles in the street. Along with improving pedestrian safety, a woonerf creates a <br />public space for social and possibly commercial activities, as well as a play area for <br />children. A woonerf identification sign is placed at each street entrance. A woonerf <br />must be constructed to allow access by emergency vehicles, school buses, and other <br />service vehicles. <br />Page 259 <br />