Attach <br />Pedestrian safetv: a road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners <br />Attach <br />Appendix 2 <br />Traffic-calming measures <br />This appendix provides a brief description of various vehicle speed management <br />measures, with a particular focus on traffic-calming interventions to enable readers <br />to distinguish their basic characteristics (z, z). For the specification of design <br />requirements, we recommend that guidelines approved in your jurisdiction are <br />also consulted. <br />Chicane <br />A chicane consists of alternately placed kerb extensions into the street. This design <br />creates a horizontal shift in traffic and narrows the roadway down either a single <br />lane or two narrow lanes. Motorists are obligated to slow their speed to manoeuvre <br />through the chicane. Good visibility for drivers and pedestrians can be maintained <br />by either planting low shrubs or groundcover, or by using trees with high canopies. <br />The design of a chicane must consider the needs of not just drivers but also <br />pedestrians and cyclists. As in the serpentine street design (see page 113), chicanes <br />must take into account driveway access and parking needs. <br />Choker <br />Chokers are kerb extensions that narrow a street by widening the sidewalks or <br />planting strips. The street may be narrowed from two lanes to a single lane or to two <br />narrow lanes. Motorists are obligated to slow and, in cases with just one lane, to stop <br />to allow oncoming vehicles to pass. Chokers must be wide enough to accommodate <br />emergency and sanitation vehicles. <br />Kerb extension <br />Kerb extensions, also known as `bulbouts' or `neckdowns; extend the sidewalk or <br />kerb line out into the parking lane, thereby reducing the effective street width. These <br />serve to shorten the pedestrian crossing distance, narrow the roadway, and improve <br />the ability of pedestrians and motorists to see each other. Kerb extensions also <br />prevent motorists from parking in, or too close to, crossings, or from blocking kerb <br />ramps. Kerb extensions should only be used where there is a parking lane. Installation <br />of kerb extensions should consider the special needs of larger vehicles (such as fire <br />trucks and school buses) to turn including options for such vehicles to turn from the <br />outer lane rather than the normal turning lane. Street furniture and landscaping on <br />and near the kerb extension should be chosen carefully to ensure sight distance. Kerb <br />extensions should also be designed to facilitate adequate water drainage. <br />Kerb radius reduction <br />A common type of vehicle-pedestrian collision occurs when a pedestrian is struck <br />by a right-turning vehicle at an intersection in right-hand-drive areas (the opposite <br />is true in left-hand-drive locations). Large kerb radii encourage motorists to make <br />111 <br />C <br />B <br />57 <br />