Implementing pedestrian safety interventions Attachment C <br />Attachment B <br />4.3 Summary <br />The content of this module can be summarized as follows: <br />. Effective interventions to improve pedestrian safety are available. Implementation <br />should utilize a comprehensive approach that focuses on engineering, enforcement <br />and education measures. Taking a single approach will usually be less effective. A <br />combination of measures is needed in order to comprehensively address the range <br />of risks to pedestrians in different settings. <br />Interventions that have been found effective are reducing vehicle speeds, <br />separating pedestrians from other traffic, increasing the visibility of pedestrians, <br />changing pedestrian and motorist behaviour through public education and law <br />enforcement, improving vehicle design and improving care for the injured. <br />Pedestrians should be seen as a group with diverse needs and capabilities. The <br />needs of special pedestrian groups such as children, the elderly and disabled people <br />need to be prioritized when designing and implementing measures. <br />The case studies provided highlight several key elements for success: <br />• the importance of political leadership at multiple administrative levels; <br />• the involvement and contribution of multiple stakeholders; <br />D the need to plan and allocate resources; <br />o the necessity of setting targets; <br />P the role of sustaining efforts over a long period of time; <br />o the importance of implementing effective interventions; and <br />o the need for evaluation (see Module 5). <br />References <br />1. Lonero LP, Clinton KM, Sleet D. Behavior change interventions inroad safety. In: Giden AC, Sleet DA, <br />DiClemente RJ, eds. Injury and violence prevention: behavioral science theories, methods and applications. San <br />Francisco, Jossey-Bass, zoo6: 113-133. <br />z. Zeeger CV et al. Guidance for implementation ofAASHTO strategic highway safety plan: Volume io: Aguide <br />for reducing collisions involvingpedestrians. Washington, DC, Transportation Research Board, 1004. <br />3. Retting R, Ferguson S, McCartt A. A review of evidence-based traffic engineering measures designed to <br />reduce pedestrian-motor vehicle crashes. American journal ofPublic Health, 1003, 93: 1456-1463. <br />4. Peden M et al. World report on road traffic injury prevention. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1004. <br />5. Elvik R et al. The handbook ofroad safety measures, znd ed. Bingley, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 1oo9. <br />6. Sleet DA. Naumann RB, Rudd RA. Injuries and the built environment. In: Dannenberg AL, Frumkin <br />H, Jackson RJ. eds. Making healthy places: designing and buildingfor health, well-being and sustainability. <br />Washington, DC, Island Press, 101: 77-90. <br />7. Zegeer CV, Bushell M. Pedestrian crash trends and potential countermeasures from around the world. <br />Accident Analysis & Prevention, 1011, 44: 3-1L <br />8. Job RFS et al. Pedestrians at traffic light controlled intersections: crossing behaviour in the elderly and non- <br />elderly. In: Smith K, Aitken BG, R.H. Grzebieta RH, eds. Proceedings ofthe conference on pedestrian safety. <br />Canberra: Australian College of Road Safety & Federal Office of Road Safety, 1998:3-11. <br />9. Ryus P et al. Highway capacity manual 2010. Washington, DC, Transportation Research Board, 1o11. <br />90 <br />Page 236 <br />