Attachment C <br />Pedestrian safety: a road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners <br />kerb extensions can be used to safely place pedestrians in a more visible location <br />prior to crossing and to provide better sight lines to observe traffic. These have <br />the additional advantage of reducing the crossing distance for pedestrians and <br />narrowing the roadway, which may slow vehicle speed. <br />Installing signals to alert motorists that pedestrians might be crossing. Pedestrian- <br />activated signals may be appropriate at locations with sporadic pedestrian traffic (28). <br />Improving conspicuity of pedestrians. Pedestrians need to be aware that drivers <br />may not see them in low light or dark conditions, especially when they are wearing <br />dark clothing. Selecting light-coloured clothing as well as adding reflective <br />materials to backpacks, shoes and clothing are basic measures to increase visibility <br />of pedestrians (see Box 4.6). <br />Raising awareness among pedestrians and drivers, through public service <br />announcements and other media, about the importance of pedestrian visibility, <br />especially at night. <br />BOX 4.6: Advocating for increased visibility of school children on roads in <br />Ghana and the United Republic of Tanzania <br />The nongovernmental organization Amend advocates <br />for increased visibility of children on Africa's roads. At <br />its project sites in Ghana and the United Republic of <br />Tanzania, Amend is involved in the social marketing <br />of its "See & Be Seen" reflector-enhanced school <br />bags. The school bags are made to be durable and <br />affordable while making children more visible as <br />they walk to and from school. Amend advocates that <br />governments and school systems encourage the use <br />of these school bags, and promote their purchase, in <br />particular by parents of school-age children, through <br />social marketing campaigns. Amend manufactures, <br />distributes and retails the school bags, but this life- <br />saving advocacy need not be resource-intensive: <br />any nongovernmental organization can lobby govern- <br />ments, parents and the media to promote the use <br />of reflectors and other visibility enhancements, such <br />as wearing light-coloured clothing - a very simple <br />measure that has been shown to increase pedes- <br />trian visibility dramatically. <br />Source: 29. <br />4.2.4 Improving pedestrian and motorist safety awareness and <br />behaviour <br />Changing the attitudes and behaviour of drivers and pedestrians is a complex, <br />long-term undertaking that requires a variety of interventions to be implemented. <br />Measures commonly used to raise awareness and modify behaviour are discussed <br />in the following sections. These measures are most effective when implemented <br />alongside other measures described in this module such as speed management and <br />reducing pedestrian exposure to vehicular traffic. <br />Attachb-A B <br />79 <br />225 <br />