Attach <br />Pedestrian safety: a road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners <br />Attach <br />. Different measures are appropriate for addressing either speed or traffic volume. It <br />is therefore important to determine whether the aim is to reduce speed or traffic <br />volume, or both (see Table 4.2). <br />. Speed humps, traffic circles, and other traffic calming measures are perceived <br />by some traffic engineers, neighbourhood residents, and members of the media <br />as obstacles in the roadway. As a result, there may be opposition to installing <br />these measures. Resident input and consensus may be necessary when planning <br />residential traffic-calming measures. <br />. Traffic-calming interventions alone do not improve conditions for pedestrians. <br />Other issues need to be addressed, such as law enforcement and provision of <br />adequate street lighting. <br />Traffic calming measures, their application and impact <br />Speed reduction can be applied to: <br />Impact on <br />Type <br />Arterial roads <br />Local roads <br />traffic volume <br />Speed hump <br />No <br />Yes <br />Possible <br />Speed table <br />With caution <br />Yes <br />Possible <br />Raised crosswalk <br /> <br />Yes <br /> <br />Yes <br /> <br />Possible <br /> <br />Raised intersection <br />With caution <br />Yes <br />Possible <br />Textured pavements <br />Yes <br />Yes <br />Possible <br />Speed cushion <br />With caution <br />Yes <br />Possible <br />Rumble strips <br />Yes <br />Yes <br />No <br />Traffic (mini) circle <br />No <br /> <br />Yes <br /> <br />Possible <br /> <br />Roundabout <br />Yes <br />. <br />. <br />Yes <br />. <br />Not likely <br />Chicanes <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />No <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />Yes <br /> <br /> <br />Yes <br /> <br />Realigned intersection <br />Yes <br /> <br />Yes <br /> <br />Possible <br />. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />Tight radii <br />Yes <br /> <br />Yes <br /> <br /> <br />. <br />. <br />Possible <br /> <br />Centre island narrowing <br />Yes <br />Yes <br /> <br />Possible <br /> <br />Chokers <br />Yes <br /> <br />Yes <br /> <br />Possible <br /> <br />Road diets (i.e. lane reduction) <br />Yes <br /> <br />Yes <br /> <br />Yes <br /> <br />Speed limits <br />Yes <br />Yes <br />No <br />Speed alerts, enforcement <br />Yes <br />. <br />Yes <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />No <br />. <br /> <br /> <br />. . <br /> <br /> <br />. <br />Perceptual design <br /> <br />Yes <br /> <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />Yes <br /> <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />Possible <br /> <br />Warning signs <br />Yes <br />Yes <br />No <br />Half closure <br /> <br />Yes <br /> <br />Yes <br />Yes <br />Diagonal diverters <br />Yes <br />Yes <br />Yes <br />Lateral shift <br />Yes <br />Yes <br />No <br />Median barriers <br /> <br />Yes <br /> <br />No <br /> <br />Yes <br /> <br />Gateway treatments <br />Yes <br />No <br />No <br />Traffic signal coordination <br />Yes <br />No <br />No <br />Vehicle-activated signs <br />Yes <br />No <br />No <br />Note: Most of these treatments are expected to reduce speed. A brief description of selected traffic-calming measures <br />is provided in Appendix 2. These traffic-calming measures need to be accompanied by other measures in order to be <br />effective. For example, speed limits need to be enforced and supported through awareness raising and campaigns. <br />Source: 20. <br />C <br />B <br />Page 223 <br />