Attachment C <br />16 <br />Why is addressing pedestrian safety necessary? <br />Distribution of injuries on the body of a pedestrian in a frontal <br />car-pedestrian collision <br />Head trajectories <br />40 km/h <br />• <br />• Injured body = ® 20 :km/h <br />regions WAD <br />I I•I I o <br />WAD: wraparound distance <br />Small car <br />Big car <br />00, <br />Source: 49 <br />The point at which a vehicle hits a pedestrian will vary depending on the <br />height of the car as well as the height of a pedestrian (50). For example, <br />a modern raised vehicle may hit the head of a child pedestrian because he or <br />she is short. <br />The most serious injuries are usually caused by the direct impacts with the striking <br />car rather than when the pedestrian is thrown to the road. The severity of injuries <br />occurring to the head, brain, thorax, pelvis and extremities is influenced by: <br />. car impact speed; <br />. type of vehicle; <br />stiffness and shape of the vehicle; <br />. nature of the front (such as the bumper height, bonnet height and length, <br />windscreen frame); <br />. age and height of the pedestrian; and <br />. standing position of the pedestrian relative to the vehicle front (49)• <br />Motorcycles also contribute to pedestrian injuries. For example, in Brazil in <br />2.oo7, motorcycles were involved in z2.8% of all fatal pedestrian crashes and were <br />responsible for the deaths of 85 pedestrians (io% of the total) (Si). The mechanism <br />of motorcycle-pedestrian collision has not been studied as extensively as the car- <br />pedestrian one. <br />Attachment B <br />Page 161 <br />