Attachment C <br />Pedestrian safety: a road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners <br />Attachment B <br />Executive summary <br />Road traffic crashes kill about 1.14 million people each year. More than one fifth <br />of these deaths occur among pedestrians. Pedestrian collisions, like all road <br />traffic crashes, should not be accepted as inevitable because they are, in fact, both <br />predictable and preventable. Key risk factors for pedestrian road traffic injury are <br />vehicle speed, alcohol use by drivers and pedestrians, lack of safe infrastructure for <br />pedestrians and inadequate visibility of pedestrians. Reduction or elimination of <br />the risks faced by pedestrians is an important and achievable policy goal. Proven <br />interventions exist, yet in many locations pedestrian safety does not attract the <br />attention it merits. <br />This manual provides information for use in developing and implementing <br />comprehensive measures to improve pedestrian safety. The extent of pedestrian <br />fatalities and injuries, and the importance of addressing the key associated risk factors <br />for pedestrian injury, are examined. The steps outlined for conducting a situational <br />assessment to help with prioritizing interventions and preparing a related plan of <br />action, are intended to assist with the implementation of effective interventions, and <br />evaluation of pedestrian safety measures. While the focus of the manual is on sub- <br />national administrative units, the strategies presented can be applied at the national <br />level. It is hoped that the modular structure of this manual enables adoption to suit <br />the needs and problems of individual countries. The manual is applicable worldwide <br />but specifically targets decision-makers and practitioners in low- and middle- <br />income countries. <br />IX <br />Page 138 <br />