do not capture the tradeoffs people make to hold down their housing <br />costs. For example, these figures exclude people who live in crowded or <br />structurally inadequate housing units, some 2.5 million households in <br />2010. They also exclude the growing number of households that move to <br />locations distant from work where they can afford to pay for housing, but <br />must spend more for transportation to work. Among households in the <br />lowest expenditure quartile, those living in affordable housing spend an <br />average of $100 more on transportation per month in 2010 than those who <br />are severely housing cost-burdened. With total average monthly outlays <br />of only $1,000, these extra travel costs amount to 10 percent of the entire <br />household budget. <br />Demographic trends in housing preference <br />The demographic changes likely to affect the housing market and <br />homeownership are: <br />• Immigrants and their descendants, who are a faster growing group <br />than other households in the U.S. <br />• The aging of the baby boomers, the oldest of whom are in their late- <br />60's in 2012. <br />• Housing choices of younger baby boomers, who are in their late <br />40's and early 50's in 2010 <br />• The children of baby boomers, called the echo boomers, who range <br />from their late teens to late twenties in 201221 <br />According to the joint Center for Housing Studies, immigration will play <br />a key role in accelerating household growth over the next 10 years. About <br />40% of the fall-off in household growth between 2007 and 2011 was due to <br />a drop in immigration (Figure 11). Immigrants have traditionally <br />comprised a growing share of young adults and children in the United <br />States, but the number of foreign-born households under the age of 35 <br />decreased by 338,400 between March 2007 and March 2009, compared to <br />just 2,100 native-born households. The difficulty in assessing immigration <br />during a recession results in an unclear picture of future housing demand. <br />Deportations, emigration, and a weak US economy have all contributed to <br />lower household formation among foreign-born non-citizens. <br />21 Urban Land Institute, "2011 Emerging Trends in Real Estate" <br />Page 46 ECONorthwest Part 11 - Eugene Housing Needs Analysis <br />