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<br />among;anale House Sparrows. tinder laboratory'conditioris, DiCarlo et al ;(?002) raised
<br />troubling concerns about impacts of low-level, non-thermal electromagnetic radiation from the.
<br />standard 915 MHz cell phone frequency onI domestic chicken embryos - with some lethal results.
<br />(Manville 2009).. Given the findings of the studies. mentioned above, field studies should be
<br />conducted in North America to validate potential impacts of communication tower radiation
<br />buLh.. direct and indirect - to migratory birds and other trust" wildlife species.
<br />Literature Cited
<br />Arnold, T. W., and R.M. Zink. 2011. Collision mortality has no discernable effect on population trends of
<br />North American birds. Plos ONE 6:e24708.
<br />Aronoff, A. 1949. The September migration tragedy. Linnaean News-Letter 3(1):2.
<br />Balmori, A. 2005. Possible effects of electromagnetic fields from phone masts on a population of White
<br />Stork (Ciconia ciconia). Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 24:109-119.
<br />Balmori, A., and O. Hallberg. 2007. The urban decline of the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus): a
<br />possible link with electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 26:141-151.
<br />DiCarlo, A., N. White, F. Guo, P. Garrett, and T. Litovitz. 2002. Chronic electromagnetic field exposure
<br />decreases HSP70 levels and lowers cytoprotection. Journal Cellular Biochemistry 84: 447-454.
<br />Everaert, J., and D. Bauwens. 2007. A possible effect of electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone
<br />base stations on the number of breeding House Sparrows (Passer domesticus). Electromagnetic
<br />Biology and Medicine 26:63-72.
<br />Gehring, J., P. Kerliager, and A.M. Manville, U. 2009. Communication towers, lights, and birds:
<br />successful methods of reducing the frequency of avian collisions. Ecological Applications
<br />19:505-514.
<br />Gehring, J., P. Kerlinger, and A.M. Manville, Il. 2011. The role of tower height and guy wires on avian
<br />collisions with communication towers. Journal of Wildlife. Management 75: 848-855.
<br />Longcore, T., C. Rich, P. Mineau, B. MacDonald, D.G. Bert, L.M. Sullivan, E. Mutrie, S.A. Gauthreaux,
<br />Jr., M.L. Avery, R.C. Crawford, A.M. Manville, 11, E.R. Travis, and D. Drake. 2012. An estimate of
<br />avian mortality at communication towers in the United States and Canada. PLoSONE 7(4) 17 pp,
<br />Open Access.
<br />Longcore, T., C. Rich, P. Mineau, B. MacDonald, D.G. Bert, L.M. Sullivan, E. Mutrie, S.A. Gauthreaux,
<br />R., M.L. Avery, R.C. Crawford, A.M. Manville, Ii, E.R. Travis, and D. Drake. 2013. Avian mortality
<br />at communication towers in the United States and Canada: which species, how many, and where?
<br />Biological Conservation 158: 410-419.
<br />Manville, A.M., 11. 2002. Protocol for monitoring the impacts of cellular telecommunication towers on
<br />migratory birds within the Coconino, Prescott, and Kaibab National Forests, Arizona. Peer-reviewed
<br />research monitoring protocol requested by and prepared for the U.S. Forest Service. Division of
<br />Migratory Bird Management, USFWS. 9 pp, March 2002.
<br />Manville, A.M., 11. 2005. Bird strikes and electrocutions at power lines, communication towers, and wind
<br />turbines: state of the art and state of the science - next steps toward mitigation. Pages 1051-1064 In
<br />C.J. Ralph and T.D. Rich (eds), Bird Conservation Implementation in the Americas: Proceedings 3`d
<br />International Partners in Flight Conference, U.S.D.A. Forest Service Gen. Techiucal Report PSW-
<br />GTR-191, Albany, CA.
<br />Manville, A.M., II. 2007a. Comments of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service submitted electronically to
<br />the FCC on 47 CFR Parts 1 and 17, WT Docket No. 03-187, FCC 06-164, Notice of Proposed
<br />Rulemaking, "Effects of Communication Towers on Migratory Birds." February 2, 2007. 32 pp.
<br />Manville, A.M., II. 2007b. U.S. Fish and Wildlife concerns over potential radiation impacts from cellular
<br />communication towers on migratory birds and other wildlife - research opportunities. Invited
<br />Presentation to "Congressional Staff Briefing on the Environmental and Human Health Effects of
<br />Radiofrequency (RF) Radiation," House Capitol 5, Washington, DC. 16 page PowerPoint
<br />presentation. May 10, 2007.
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